{"id":7994,"date":"2021-03-26T14:40:39","date_gmt":"2021-03-26T14:40:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/foundationforpuertorico.org\/?p=7994"},"modified":"2021-03-26T14:40:39","modified_gmt":"2021-03-26T14:40:39","slug":"las-multiples-dimensiones-de-vulnerabilidad-en-el-tema-de-vivienda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/foundationforpuertorico.org\/en\/las-multiples-dimensiones-de-vulnerabilidad-en-el-tema-de-vivienda\/","title":{"rendered":"Las m\u00faltiples dimensiones de vulnerabilidad en el tema de vivienda"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Las m\u00faltiples dimensiones de vulnerabilidad en el tema de vivienda<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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La semana pasada tuvimos nuestra sexta reuni\u00f3n de Grupo de Trabajo. Durante esta reuni\u00f3n abordamos el tema de vivienda y los diferentes retos que enfrentaron, y contin\u00faan enfrentando las comunidades de Puerto Rico, particularmente en la etapa de recuperaci\u00f3n y reconstrucci\u00f3n luego de los huracanes Irma y Mar\u00eda.<\/p>

En la reuni\u00f3n de Grupo de Trabajo en el \u00e1rea de vivienda, participaron el Colegio de Ingenieros y Agrimensores, la Cl\u00ednica Notarial de la Escuela de Derecho de la UPR, la Sociedad Puertorrique\u00f1a de Planificaci\u00f3n y la Asociaci\u00f3n Profesional de Agentes de Seguros de Puerto Rico y el Caribe.\u00a0 Durante la reuni\u00f3n, se discutieron las complejidades asociadas con desarrollar indicadores de vulnerabilidad en este campo. Se sugiri\u00f3 dividir la discusi\u00f3n en dos enfoques: problemas estructurales (relacionado a las caracter\u00edsticas de la vivienda) y los riesgos de exposici\u00f3n (relacionado a los peligros a los que est\u00e1 expuesta la estructura).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Para evaluar la vulnerabilidad de estructuras de vivienda en una comunidad se sugiri\u00f3 tomar en cuenta el a\u00f1o de construcci\u00f3n, ya que estos datos pueden apuntar al uso de materiales nocivos (como el asbesto) y a determinar la vida \u00fatil de los materiales de construcci\u00f3n utilizados. Adem\u00e1s, se propuso considerar el tipo de material que compone la vivienda, ya que establecer\u00e1 la resistencia relativa de la estructura.\u00a0 Tambi\u00e9n se recomend\u00f3 que se identifiquen aquellas viviendas con condiciones de hacinamiento y con pagos onerosos de hipoteca o renta para sus inquilinos. Finalmente, se sugiri\u00f3 calcular el valor por pie cuadrado promedio de las estructuras, no solamente para determinar los valores de la propiedad, sino para determinar posibles costos de reemplazo ante cualquier da\u00f1o. Estas caracter\u00edsticas deben evaluarse de manera diferenciada cuando se refiere a vivienda p\u00fablica y a construcciones informales.\u00a0<\/p>

Cuando nos adentramos en el tema de tenencia y titularidad, las consideraciones fueron mayores. Debido a patrones culturales o costumbres en la ocupaci\u00f3n, muchos puertorrique\u00f1os no poseen t\u00edtulos de propiedad formales. Esta carencia de titularidad no implica ilegalidad alguna, m\u00e1s bien apunta a una informalidad estructural en el proceso de comprobaci\u00f3n de propietarios.\u00a0 En Puerto Rico no es obligatorio inscribir la estructura en el Registro de la Propiedad ni se exige evidencia de titularidad, por lo que muchos propietarios \u2013 especialmente aquellos que construyeron en parcelas no segregadas, llevaron a cabo ocupaciones espont\u00e1neas o viven en \u00e1reas con una zonificaci\u00f3n incompatible \u2013 carecen de esta documentaci\u00f3n.\u00a0 Un buen ejemplo son los terrenos rescatados en \u00e1reas con una zonificaci\u00f3n que no es residencial, que no tienen evidencia de su derecho real sobre la propiedad; enti\u00e9ndase, no tienen un contrato de compraventa o escritura. Esta condici\u00f3n de \u201cextralegalidad\u201d, de no estar obligados a formalizar el proceso de titularidad, crea una inseguridad en la vivienda, ya que la capacidad de solicitar ayudas para reconstrucci\u00f3n y mejoras, o comprar seguros y otras protecciones, se ve coartada ante exigencias gubernamentales o del sector privado.\u00a0 Por tanto, identificar las personas due\u00f1as de sus casas o con t\u00edtulos de propiedad en una comunidad, depender\u00e1 de la fuente de informaci\u00f3n que se utiliz\u00f3 para analizar los datos.\u00a0 Si la fuente de informaci\u00f3n \u2013 sea FEMA, el Censo u ODSEC \u2013 no considera los diferentes mecanismos existentes en Puerto Rico para obtener titularidad de una propiedad, entonces esos datos deben ser validados con fuentes alternas de informaci\u00f3n que mejor reflejen la realidad local en cuanto a patrones de ocupaci\u00f3n.<\/p>

Sobre los indicadores de exposici\u00f3n, se debe de identificar estructuras localizadas en zonas propensas a deslizamientos e inundaciones y aquellas que se encuentren a menos de 1,000 pies del mar.\u00a0 Estos riesgos, adem\u00e1s de ser peligros recurrentes, inciden en altos costos de propiedad y de protecciones a la misma.\u00a0 Adem\u00e1s, se sugiri\u00f3 buscar datos de p\u00e9rdidas de propiedad luego de los huracanes para establecer \u00e1reas de necesidad de vivienda segura.\u00a0<\/p>

Pr\u00f3ximamente, los integrantes del Grupo de Trabajo asignar\u00e1n un nivel de prioridad a los indicadores discutidos e identificar\u00e1n cualquier brecha en el an\u00e1lisis a nivel de datos o repositorios de informaci\u00f3n.<\/p><\/div><\/div>

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Last week we held our sixth Working Group meeting. During this meeting we addressed the issue of housing and the different housing challenges that Puerto Rican communities have faced and continue to face, particularly in recovery and reconstruction after the Hurricanes Irma and Maria.<\/p>

Participants in this Working Group meeting included the College of Engineers and Surveyors, the Notarial Clinic of the Law School of the UPR, the Puerto Rican Planning Society and the Professional Association of Insurance Agents of Puerto Rico and Caribbean. While discussing the complexities associated with developing vulnerability indicators for housing, the group suggested dividing the topic into two: structural problems (related to the characteristics of the dwelling) and exposure risks (related to the dangers to which the structure is exposed).<\/p>

To assess the vulnerability of housing structures in a community, the group suggested to take into account the year of construction. This may be helpful as an indicator for the use of harmful materials (such as asbestos) and in determining the useful life of the construction materials used. In addition, the group proposed considering the type of material that makes up the house, which establishes the relative strength of the structure. They also recommended that those dwellings with overcrowded conditions and with onerous mortgage or rent payments for their tenants should be identified. Finally, the group also suggested calculating the value per average square foot of the structures, not only to determine the value of the property, but also to determine possible replacement costs before any damage. These characteristics must be evaluated differently when referring to public housing and informal constructions.<\/p>

When we went into the subject of tenure and ownership, there were even more considerations. Many Puerto Ricans do not have formal property titles. This lack of ownership does not imply any illegality, rather it points to a structural informality in the ownership verification process. In Puerto Rico, it is not obligatory to register the structure in the Property Registry nor is evidence of ownership is required, which is why many owners\u2014 especially those who built in non-segregated plots, carried out spontaneous occupations or live in areas with incompatible zoning \u2014 lack this documentation.\u00a0<\/p>

A good example of this are properties rescued in areas with a zoning that is not residential, that do not have evidence of their real right over the property; and that do not have a contract of sale or deed. This condition of “extralegality”, of not being obliged to formalize the ownership process, creates a housing insecurity, since the ability to request aid for reconstruction and improvements, or purchase insurance and other protections, is constrained by government requirements or from the private sector.\u00a0<\/p>

Therefore, identifying the people who own their homes or who hold property titles in a community will depend on the source of information that is used. If the source of information – be it FEMA, the Census or ODSEC – does not consider the different mechanisms that exist in Puerto Rico to obtain ownership of a property, then those data must be validated with alternate sources of information that better reflect the local reality in terms of occupation patterns.<\/p>

On the exposure indicators, it is necessary to identify structures located in areas prone to landslides and floods and those located less than 1,000 feet from the sea. These risks, in addition to being recurrent hazards, affect high property costs and protections to it. In addition, it was suggested to look for data on property losses after the hurricanes to establish areas of need for safe housing.<\/p>

In the near future, the members of the Working Group will assign a level of priority to the indicators discussed and identify any gaps in the analysis at the level of data or information repositories.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Las m\u00faltiples dimensiones de vulnerabilidad en el tema de vivienda La semana pasada tuvimos nuestra sexta reuni\u00f3n de Grupo de Trabajo. Durante esta reuni\u00f3n abordamos el tema de vivienda y los diferentes retos que enfrentaron, y contin\u00faan enfrentando las comunidades de Puerto Rico, particularmente en la etapa de recuperaci\u00f3n y reconstrucci\u00f3n luego de los huracanes […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":7996,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"give_campaign_id":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[41],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7994","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-wcrp"],"yoast_head":"\nLas m\u00faltiples dimensiones de vulnerabilidad en el tema de vivienda - Foundation for Puerto Rico<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/foundationforpuertorico.org\/en\/las-multiples-dimensiones-de-vulnerabilidad-en-el-tema-de-vivienda\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Las m\u00faltiples dimensiones de vulnerabilidad en el tema de vivienda\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Las m\u00faltiples dimensiones de vulnerabilidad en el tema de vivienda La semana pasada tuvimos nuestra sexta reuni\u00f3n de Grupo de Trabajo. 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